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Four Remarkable Books, 

By E. P. ROE. 

OYER EIGHT! THOUSAND OF THESE VOLUIIES HAVE BEEN SOLD. 

Each, i2mo. $1.75. 

BARRIERS B URNED A WA Y. 
WHAT CAN SHE DO, 
OPENING A CHESTNUT BURR. 
FROM JEST TO EARNEST 



DODD, MEAD & COMPANY, 
Publisliers, 

FOR SALE ON THIS BOAT New York, 



"WEST POINT HOTEL," 

WEST POINT, N. Y. 

Tlie only Hotel on the Post, 

Rates $4 per day, or $24,50 per week. 
ALBERT. H. CRANEY. 



West Point Stages. 

J, DENTON & SON, ------ Proprietors, 

Fare to and from Hotel & Grounds, 25 Cts. 

^ HEADQUARTERS AT THE 

West Point Hotel. 



/ 



THE 



HUDSON HIGHLANDS. 



^Y THE Author OF 

THE HUDSON BY DAYLIGHT/^ 



Copyrighted by WALLACE BRUCE, 1876. 



1 >:"-:» (-^ • /.x^ 




PUBLISHED BY 

GAYLORD WATSON, i6 BEEKMAN STREET, 

NEW YORK. 



fTr- 



^bw- 






TIFFANY & CO., 

Union Square, New York. 



IMPORTERS OF 

DTA.MONDS 

And other Precious Stones, Watches, Clocks, 

Bronze, Fine Porcelain, Glass and Fancy 

Goods, Opera Glasses, and Stationery, 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

Fine Jewelry, Sterling Silver Ware and Watches. Their Stock 
in each Department, is the largest and most comjjre- 

hensive in the country. Raving their 

own Workshojys, with- a corps of Designers attached to 

each, they are enabled to execute all Orders for Special Articles 

with the greatest facility. 

DESIGNS AND ESTIMATES FOR 

PRESENTATION PIECES, PRIZES, GLASS AND SOCIETY PIXS. 
RINGS AND RADGES, FURNISHED UPON 

application. 

The Stationery Department 
is always complete with full lines of all the best and most fash- 
ionable Note and Letter Papers. Work of the 
highest merit for 

Wedding, Reception, Class Day, and Com- 
mencement Invitations, 



THE HUDSON HIGHLANDS. 



♦' In all its length far-winding way 
Of promontory, creek, and bay. 
And islands that, empurpled bright, 
Floated amid the livelier light, 
And mountains that, like giants stand, 
To sentinel enchanted land." 



Two million people, about one twentieth of the population of the 
United States, live in and about the cities of New York and Brooklyn, 
or within a radius of twenty miles from the Battery. Of this number 
comparatively few have ever seen the Hudson Highlands. The fare 
from New York to Cozzens, West Point or Newburgh, is 75 cents. 
There is no city so fortunate in its surroundings as our own metropolis, 
with the finest bay and harbor in the world, and a river at its Tery 
doors grander than the Ehine, the Danube, or any of the storied 
streams of Europe. 

The Hudson was called by the Spaniards the River of the Mountains, 
and the name is suggestive of its grand surroundings. In its short 
course of 250 miles from the wilderness to the sea, it takes in fifty miles 
of the Adirondacks, thirty miles of the Catskills, twenty miles of the 
Highlands, and fifteen miles of the Palisades. 

In this little guide or pamphlet we propose to call attention to the 
Hudson Highlands, promising to do something more worthy of this 
mountain district another season. In our "Hudson by Daylight," one 
of the divisions is marked The Highland's "Sublimity," as distin- 
guished from the Tappan Zee " Eepose," and the Catskills " Beauty,'* 
and we use a part of this section in this edition. 

It is an accepted and established truth (and well known since the day 
Willis moved to Idlewild), that the Cornwall slope of Storm King is 
the place to find health. And it is reasonable that these mountains. 



vaiying from one thousand to sixteen hundred feet high, should giv3 
on each plateaa a succession of varied climates. We therefore 
thoroughly believe that if the worn-out brain- working men of New York 
would take three or four weeks among these mountains, they would 
derive greater benefit than at all the fashionable watering places on the 
coast or in the country. Take some good point as a centre, and make 
excursions every day or two, either j)edestrian or on horseback, and in 
fact live in the mountains. Take the Cornwall Mountain House, the 
Highland House, Garrison, West Point Hotel, Cozzen's, the Parry 
House or some of the pleasant boarding houses of Cornwall or High- 
land Falls, and make excursions as follows. To give our own pleasant 
experience in making these routes, we made the Cornwall Mountain 
House our starting point, and had the advantage of arranging our trips 
and conversing with Dr. Champlin, a gentleman as enthusiastic as our- 
selves in the health and beauty of this entire mountain region. 

We will speak of these excursions in their order. 

FiBST Day : The new mountain road which passes up Cornwall 
Heights and over a spur of Storm King to Cro' Nest Plateau. 

Second and Thekd Days : Pedestrian trips to the Lake District of 
the Highlands, to Round Lake, to Long Lake, and to Bog Meadow 
Pond (not a very poetic name for the source of Buttermilk or Cascade 
Falls). 

FouETH Day ; Take Mary Powell boat from Cornwall to West Point 
any morning. Cross over to Garrison Landing, reaching there about 
8 A. M. ; visit Indian Falls, the old Beverly House, and Undercliff, the 
home of the poet Morris. 

Fifth Day : Repeat this trip and visit Sugar Loaf, Hamilton Fish's 
grounds, the old landing where Arnold fled to the " Vulture," the North 
Redoubt and the South Redoubt Mountains. 

Sixth Day : Visit the Lake District on the East side of the Hudson. 
Lake Oscawana, seven miles East from the Highland House ; Salpaugh 
Pond, five miles east on the same road, and Cat Lake, on the top of 
Cat Mountain, about three miles north fr)m the Highland House. 

Seventh Day : Take a sail or row boab and visit Pollipel Island, and 



find the old cabin which oikoe belonged to the witch and her son, the 
mythical Sycorax and her sgo Caliban. 

Eighth Day ; Visit lona Island, the celebrated pic-nio ground of 
the Hudson. lona is at the Southern Gate of the Highlands, Pollipel 
Island at the Northern. 

Ninth Day : Cross to Fishkill Landing, and visit the North Beacon 
Mountains, one of the Beacon Heights of the Kevolution. 

Other trips will suggest themselves to the visitor, but these that we 
have indicated will show how much of interest is here congregated. 
The Highlands embrace the historic, the romantic, the traditional, and 
the poetic of our early and later literature, and we refer in the follow- 
ing jDages to 

1. The story of Captain Kidd as associated with Kidd's Point. 

2. The Dunderbrg, the Olympus of Dutch Mythology. 

3. Anthony's Nose, with its grave miracle. 

4. Buttermilk Falls or Cascade Falls. 

5. "West Point and Fort Putnam. 

6. Beverly House and the treachery of Benedict Arnold, 

7. The story of Talleyrand. 

8. Indian Falls and the Highland House. 

9. Constitution Point, the home of the Misses Warner. 

10. Undercliff and Old Cro' Nest. 

11. Beference to Indian Legend. 

12. The romance of Pollipel's Island. 

13. Cornwall, on the beautiful slope of Storm King. 

14. Cro' Nest Plateau and the New Mountain Road. 

15. Idlewild, the home of the poet Willis. 

16. The old Gorilla of the mountains, just discovered. 

17. The site of Prof. Morse's novel, never written. 




MKARNS HOUSE, 



Near West Point, 



Highland Falls, N. Y 



In the Heart oftlie Higlilaiids 

For tlie last Seventeen Years the most jjrominent and best 
known of the Highland Houses. 

GROUNDS SPACIOUS. 

Abundance of Fruit and Vegetables on the Place. 

MEANS OF ACCESS : 

Mary Powell to Cozzen's Dock, or day Boats to West Point, 

and Hudson River Railroad to Garrison's, crossing 

by ferry to Cozzen's Landing. 

MRS. A. MEARNS, Jr., Proprietor. 



We hope to have a tnore complete Cat for our next edition. But there is one thing 
certain^ no one will he disappointed, as is often the case, with exaggerat'd views. 



THE HIGHLANDS — SUBLIMITY. 

" And ever-wakeful Echo here doth dwell. 
The nymph of siDortive mocker j', that still 
Hides behind every rock, in every dell. 
And softly glides unseen from hill to hill." 

Tumiug Kidd's Point, or Caldwell's Landing, almost at right angles, 
the steamer enters the Highlands. Near the Point will be seen some 
upright planks, or caissons, near the water's edge. They mark the spot 
where Cax^tain Kidd's ship was supposed to have been scuttled. As the 
famous captain's history seems to be quite intimately associated with 
the Hudson, we will give in brief 

The Stoky of Captain Ktdd. — His name was William, and he was 
born about the middle of the seventeenth century; and it is thought, 
near Greenock, in Scotland: resided at one time in New York, near 
the corner of William and Cedar Streets, and was there married. In 
April, 1696, Kidd sailed from England in command of the "Adventure 
Galley," with fuU armament and eighty men. He captured a French 
ship, and, on arrival at New York, put up articles for volunteers: 
remained in New York three or four months, increasing his crew to 
one hundred and fifty-five men, and sailed thence to Maderas, thence 
to Bonavista and St. Jago, to Madagascar, then to Caiicut, then to 
Madagascar again, then sailed and took the "Quedah Merchant." 
Kidd ke]3t forty shares of the spoils, and divided the rest with his crew. 
He then burned the "Adventure Galley," went on board the "Quedah 
Merchant," and sailed for the West Indies. Here he left the "Mer- 
chant," with part of the crew, under one Bolton, as commander. Then 
manned a sloop, and taking part of his spoils, went to Boston via Long 
Island Sound, and is said to have set goods on shore at different lolaces. 
In the mean time, in August, 1698, the East India Company informed 
the Lords Justices that Kidd had committed several acts of piracy, j^ar- 
ticularly in seizing a Moor's ship called the " Quedah Merchant." 
When Kidd landed at Boston he was therefore arrested by the Earl of 
Bellamont, and sent to England for trial, 1699, where he was found 
guilty and executed. Now it is supposed that the crew of the " Qaedah 



Merchant,^' which Kidcl left at Hispaniola, started with their ship for 
the Hudson, as the crew was mostly gathered from the Highlands and 
above It is said that they passed New York in the night, and started 
with their ship for the manor of Livingston; but encountering a gale 
in the Highlands, and thinking they were pursued, run her near the 
shore, now known as Kidd's Point, and here scuttled her, and the crew 
fled to the woods with such treasure as they could carry. "Whether this 
cii'cumstance was true or not, it was at least a current story in the 
neighborhood, and an enterprising individual, about forty years ago, 
caused an old cannon to be discovered in the river, and perpetrated the 
first " Cardiff Giant Hoax. " A New York Stock Company was organized 
to prosecute the work. It was said that the ship could be seen in clear 
days, with her masts still standing, many fathoms below the surface. 
One thing is certain — the Company didn't see it or the treasurer either, 
in whose hands were deposited about $30,000. 

The Dundekberg rises dii-ectly above this point — the Olympus of 
Dutch Mythology. It was the dread of the early navigators, and sailors 
had to droj) the peaks of their mainsails in salute to the goblin who 
inhabited it, and presided over those little imps in sugar-loaf hats and 
short doublets, who were frequently seen tumbUng head over heels in 
the rack and mist. No wonder that the old burghers of New York never 
thought of making their week's voyage to Albany without arranging 
their wills; and it created as much commotion in New Amsterdam as a 
Stanley expedition in search of Livingstone. Verdrietege Hook, the 
Dunderberg, and the Overslaugh were names of terror to even the 
bravest skipper. 

Anthony's Nose. — The high peak on the east bank, just above the 
"Nameless Highland," is Anthony's Nose, which, in our Guide-Book 
published in 1869, we considered the prominent feature of the Hudson. 
It is about 1500 feet high, and has two or three christenings. One says 
it was named after St. Anthony the Great — the first institutor of mo- 
nastic life, bom A.D. 251, at Coma, in Heraclea, a town in Upper 
Egypt. Irving's humorous account is, however, quite as probable, to 
wit: that it was derived from the nose of Anthony Van Corlear, the il- 
lustrious trumpeter of Peter Stuyvesant. "Now thus it happened that 




EOAD TO COZZENS' DOCK, 

"The main road, partly cut like a sloping terrace in the rocks, is 
picturesque at every turn, but especially near the landing, where 
pleasant glimpses of the river and its water craft may be seen." — From 
Lossing's *^ Hudson, From the Wilderness to the Sea.'''' 



briglifc and early in the morning tlie good Anthony, having washed his 
burly visage, was leaning over the quarter-railing of the galley, contem- 
plating it in the glassy waves below. Just at this moment the illustrious 
sun, breaking in all his sj)lendor from behind a high bluff of the High- 
lands, did dart one of his most jDotent beams full upon the refulgent 
7iose of the sounder of brass, the reflection of which shot straightway 
down hissing hot into the water, and killed a mighty sturgeon that was 
si^orting beside the vessel. When this astonishing mu-acle was made 
known to the Governor, and he tasted of the unknown fish, he marveled 
exceedingly; and, as a monument thereof, he gave the name of An- 
thony's Nose to a stout i^romontory in the neighborhood, and it has 
continued to be called Anthony's Nose ever since." This mountain was 
called by the Indians Kittatenny, a Delaware term signifying ''endless 
hiUs." 

Opposite Anthony's Nose is the beautiful island of lona; and we ob- 
tain a fine view of old Sugar-Loaf to the north. We are now in the 
midst of historic country, and the various i)oints are Hterally crowded 
together: Beverley Dock, Beverley HoTise, Fort Putnam, North and 
South Redoubt Mountains, Kosciusko's Garden, and Fort Constitution. 
Both sides of the river are full of interest, and we Tv-ill refer to each 
separately. As the steamer is now nearing the west shore, we will sj)eak 
first of 

CozzENS Hotel. — [The Day Line Steamers land passengers for Coz. 
zens this season at the West Point Lan ling, one mile above. The 
"Mary Powell scops both at Cozzens and West Point,] 

The large building on the rock is Cozzen's Hotel, a view of which is 
given on the opposite iDage. It is one of the finest landmarks on the 
river, and commands a wide reach of the Hudson, as it winds among the 
mountains. The vi«w from the verandas embraces the pi'incipal features 
of the Highlands. It has jast the location for a Summer Hotel, an ele- 
vation of almost two hundred feet, with a fine breeze, attractive grounds, 
and charming view. And we feel justified in saying that the deserved 
reputation of its past history as one of the best appointed summer hotels 
of the country will be f ally sustained in the ne»v management of the 
Goodsell Brothers. 



The Pakry House has a delightful location on the south bank of the 
well known "Buttermilk Falls," a stream which falls sixty or seventy 
feet into the Hudson. It is always beautiful, and, like sparkling wit, iiffoer 
dry, even in the longest summer; but the tourist is fortunate who sees it 
"in full dress costume," after a heavy shower when it rushes over the 
rocks, "In floods of snow-white foam." This Hotel is very fortunate 
in its location, standing close on the bank of this poetic stream, on a 
bluff one hundred and fifty feet above the river, with a beautiful view 
up and down from shore to shore. We give a view of the Hotel on the 
opposite page, and the traveling public will be pleased to know that it 
will be managed this season by the owner and proprietor, Mr. Parry. A 
part of the old ruin, to which we refer in our Guide Board, has been 
utilized this season, and presents a fine outlook on the river, and when 
filled with grace and beauty, seems quite like a tun-et or battlement of 
an old time Castle. The grounds consist of seven acres. The name 
Buttermilk Falls was given by Washington Ii-viug, and was known among 
the Indians as the Prince's Falls, owned by a Prince of the hill country. 
The rivulet south of these falls was called by the Indians the Ossinipink, 
or the stream from the solid rocks; and -while we are deaUng with 
" Waterfalls," we might also speak of the Brocken Kill, a stream which 
empties below Anthony's Nose, a Dutch word from water hroTcen in its flow. 

West Point. — What Quebec is to Montreal and the *' rest of Canady," 

West Point is to New York and our Country. This may be considered 

a mathematical formula, a sort of "rule of three" statement, but we 

are safe in saying that these rocks are as historic if not as gray, that the 

view of the Hudson at this point is grander than the St. Lawrence, that 

old Fort Putnam is as venerable as the Heights of Abraham, and the 

new fortifications are as pleasant if not so imposing as the walls and 

Citadel of Quebec, and the sensation is something the same in both 

places; we feel that we are in the midst of law and authority, and at the 

end of our first Centennial we feel justified in quoting from one of our 

American poets: 

** What thongh no cloister gray or ivied column 

Along this cliff their sombre ruius rear, 
What though no frowning tower or temple Bolemn 

Of deepots tell and superstition here. 



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Yet eights and sounds at which the "world have wondered 

Within these wiM ravines here had tlieir birth, 
Young freedom's cannon from tiieta glens have tlmndered, 

And sent their startling echoes o'er the earth. 
• And not a vei'dant glade or mountain hoary, 
But treasures up within the glorious story." 

West Point Hotel. — The first tiling to do is to get located at a Ho- 
tel, and there is no finer one on the Hudson than the one we have indi- 
cated at the opening of this paragraph. In fact it is the only one on 
the Government Grounds, and its location is unrivaled; on one side 
commanding the entire Parade Ground, and on the other looking out 
upon the River two hundred feet below, with the finest view of old Cro 
Nest and Storm King to the north, a wonderful vista of grandeur, poetry 
and beauty. TLie Hotel is now in the management of Albert H. Craney, 
well known for many years as a successful Hotel manager both in New 
York and Washington. Mr. Craney is "the right man in the right 
place," and we congratulate the governm?nt that this important post, the 
care of the traveling i3ublic, is so well administered. Excursion tickets 
from New York to West Point and return are only Si, via the Day Line 
Steamers, and the three hours stay before the return boat gives ample 
time for looking over the grounds and taking dinner at the Hotel. 
There is a new road from West Point to Cornwall now in process of 
construction, and we understand all completed save half a mile, and the 
coming tourist of the Hudson will make this "part and parcel " of his 
trijD. We will speak of it more fully in connection v;ith Cornwall, but 
win say here that carriages can be obtained oi Messrs. Denton's popular 
livery, to visit this road and connect with carriages on the other side for 
Cornwall. The panoramic view is very grand. Messrs. Denton are also 
proprietors of the regular hue of Omnibuses which connect at the West 
Point Landing. West Point has a beautiful location, and Washington 
suggested this place as the most eligible situation for a Military 
Academy. It went into operation about 1812, and the land was ceded 
to the General Government of the United States in the year 1826. 

The Academy Buildings and Parade Grounds are on a fine 



\ 



plateau about two hundred feet above the river. The parade-ground 
seems almost as level as a floor; and, as the buildings are at a little dis- 
tance from tne river, they are only jDartially seen. The first building 
on the right hand to one ascending from the landing is the riding-school 
used in winter. To the rear of this the public stables, accommodating 
one hundred and fifty horses. Then, as you ascend, the pathway brings 
you to a new fireproof building for offices, a beautiful feature. To the 
right hand of this building is the library, with a dome. The next build- 
ing is the chapel; and next to the chapel is the old riding-hull, now 
used for recitation-rooms, gymnasiums, gallery of paintings, and mu- 
seums. On the same street are located the cadet barracks; and to the 
north, the officers' quai'ters. Prominent in this vicinity is the fine 
monument to General Sedgwick. Starting again at the old riding-hall, 
and going south, we come to the cadet hall and the cadet hospital; and 
still further south, another section of officers' quarters. Near the flag- 
staff will be found a fine collection of old cannon, old chains, old shell, 
and the famous '* swamp angel " g-un, taken from the rebels. Eort 
Knox was just above the landing. Near the river bank can also be seen 
Dade's Monument, Kosciusko's Garden, and Kosciusko's Monument. 
Old Fort Clinton was located on the plain, near the monument; and 
far above, like a sentinel left at his post, Tort Putnam looks down u^Don 
the changes of a hundred yeai-s. But of all places around West Point, 
Kosciusko's Garden seems the finest and most suggestive, connected as 
it is with a hero not only of his own country, but a man ready to battle 
for free institutions, taking up the sublime words of the old Eoman 
orator, " Where Liberty is, there is my country." A beautiful spring is 
near the Garden, and the indenture of a cannon-ball is still pointed out 
in the rocks, which must have disturbed the patriot's meditations. 

West Point during the Revolution was the Gibraltai* of the Hudson; 
and the saddest lesson of those stern old days is connected with its 
history. Benedict Arnold was in command of this important point, and 
the story of his treachery is familiar to every schoolboy. It will be re- 
membered that Arnold met Andre at the house of Joshua Hett Smith, 
at a place now known as Treason Hill, near the village of Haverstraw. 
M^jor Andre was sent as the representative of the British commander. 



Sii" Heury Clinton. Andre, with the paj^ers and plans of Arnold se- 
creted in his boots, passes down the Tarrytown road, and was arrested, 
as we said in our article on Tarrytown, and the papers discovered. With 
this preface, our history will carry us across the river to 

Gabrison, on the east side. Arnold returned from Haverstraw to 
the Beverley House, where he was then living. This house is situated 
about one mile south of the Garrison Depot, near the magnificent 
grounds and residence of the Hon. Hamilton Fish. Colonel Jamieson 
sent a letter to Arnold informing him of the facts, and this letter Arnold 
received on the morning of the 24th of September. Alexander Hamilton 
and General Lafayette w^ere at breakfast with him. Ho read its contents 
and excused himself from the table, kissed his wife good-bye, told her 
he was a ruined man and a traitor, kissed his little boy in the cradle, 
fled to Beverley Dock, and ordered his men to pull off and go down the 
river. The " Yulture, " English man-of-war, was near Teller's Point, 
and received a traitor, w^hose living treason had to be atoned by the 
blood of Andre, the noble and pure-hearted officer. It is said that 
Arnold lived long enough to be hissed in the House of Commons, as he 
once took his seat in the gallery, and he died friendless, and, in fact, 
despised. It is also said that one day when Talleyrand arrived in Havre 
on foot from Paris, in the darkest hour of the French Eevolution, pur- 
sued by the bloodhounds of the reign of terror, he was about to secure 
a iDassage to the United States, and asked the landlord of the hotel, " So 
there are Americans staying at your house ? I am going across the 
■water, and would like a letter to a person of influence in the New 
World." "There is a gentleman up-stairs from Britain or America," 
was the response. He pointed the way, and Talleyrand ascended the 
stairs. In a dimly lighted room sat the man of whom the great minister 
of France was to ask a favor. He advanced, and poured forth in elegant 
French and broken English, "lam a wanderer, and an exile. lam 
forced to fly to the New World without a friend or home. You are an 
American. Give me, then, I beseech you, a letter of yours, so that I 
may be able to earn my bread." The strange gentleman rose. With a 
look that Talleyrand never forgot, he retreated toward the door of the 
next chamber. He spoke as he retreated, and his voice was full of 



suffering: " I am the only man of the New "World who can raise his hand 
to God and say, *I have not a friend, not one, in America! ' " "Who 
are you? " he cried. *' Your name? " "My name is Benedict Arnold. " 
"Would that our modem traitors had the same vulture at their vitals as 
in the early days of the Bepublic, when treason was made odious with- 
out the aid of politicians. 

If West Point and its fortifications had passed at that time into the 
hands of the enemy, it would be difficult to say what disaster might 
have befallen our arms; but, through all those dai'k days, when the 




THE HIGHLAND HOUSE, GARRISON, N. Y, 
G. F. Garrison, Owner and Proprietor. 

American army literally tracked their way with blood through the snows 

of seven winters, it seemed as if the matter was entirely in the hands of 

Divine Providence; and that the words of Patrick Henry were every 

day verified: "There is a just God, who presides over natior« " 

As we have before stated, the station Garrison, on the Hudson Eiver 

Railroad, is directly opposite West Point, and about half a mile from 

the depot is the Highland House, standing on a magnificent plateau. 



Vre call attention to the fact that tliis is not the Highland House near 
Cozzen's, neither is it the little house at the ferry crossing, as unplea- 
sant mistakes have sometimes been made, but " The Highland House," 
about four hundred feet above the river, api3ropriately named, lying in 
the very centre of the Highlands. Its jDroprietors are descendants of 
the family who lived here in the time of the Revolution, from whom 
the ferry and landing took their name. The house has been recently 
enlarged to almost double its former capacity. Its location is certainly 




INDIAN FATjTjS, NEAK HIGHXiAND HOUSE, GARRISON, N. T. 

one of the finest along the river. The plateau is inclosed by the North 
Eedoubt and South Redoubt Mountains, reaching from Sugar-Loaf and 
Anthony's Nose on the south, to Breakneck on the north. 

Wander where you will, the surrounding mountains abound with 
wUd and picturesque glens. Poet, artist, novelist, and historian, all 
who find books in running brooks, continually add their testimony to 
the accumulating evidence. In brief, all who wish to spend a summer 



pleasantly and profitably will find the '* Highland House "—a cut of 
which is here given — one of the finest family hotels on the Hudson 
Kiver. Its location is picturesque and healthy, on higher ground than 
\7est Point, and commanding a full view. The scenery and drives of 
the Highlands are very fine. 

About a mile and a half to the north, in a picturesque glen, are In- 
dian Falls, well known to artists, and by them made familiar to those 
who never had the opportunity of visiting one of the x)rettiest little 
points of scenery on the Hudson. It is imi)Ossible to condense their 
beauty into a single sketch, but we present the above cut as an index- 
hand iDointing the tourist to the real beauty of which any representation 
would be only a shadow. With a book of j^oems in hand, or a walking 
romance on one's arm, we imagine a summer's day would glide by, "as 
golden hours on angel wings." 

The Glen Falls are only half a mile distant; and, added to this 
blended history and beauty, all over this eastern bank there are local 
legends — unclaimed children of history — waiting for their relationshijo 
to be acknowledged. Surely there is no j)lace where the history of our 
country can be studied with greater interest than among these wild 
fastnesses, where Freedom found protection. 

Constitution Point. — A short distance above West Point Landing 
the steamer turns a right angle. On the east bank, almost opposite, 
known as Constitution Island, lives Miss Susan Warner, author of 
"Queechy" and *'The Wide, Wide World," of which latter work 
40,000 copies were sold in the United States. On this point, or island, 
ruins of the old fort are still seen. It was once called Martalaer's 
Bock Island. 

Cold Speing. — A little to the north, also on east bank, is the village 
of Cold Spring, which received its name very naturally from the fact 
that there was a cold spring in the vicinity. A short distance north of 
the village we see 

UNDERCiiiTF, the home of the poet Morris, now owned by his son. 
It lies, in fact, under the cliff ajid shadow of Mount Taurus, and has a 



fine outlook upon the river and surrounding mountains. Standing on 
the piazza, we see directly in front of us Old Cro' Nest; and it was on 
this i3iazza that the poet wrote 

** Where Hudson's wave o'er Bilvery sands 
Winds through the hills afar, 
Old Cro' Nest like a vionarclc stands, 
Crovmed with a single star.'^ 




OLD ceo' nest. 
(From Lossing's "Hudson, from the Wilderness to the Sea.'') 

It is said that Mrs. Morris was the original of that beautiful character 
painted by Washington Irving, in his charming essay, "The Wife." 

Old Ceo' Nest is the first mountain above West Point, and 1418 feet 
high. Its name was given from a circular lake on the summit, suggest- 
ing by its form and solitary location a nest among the mountains, and 



this fancy soon gave a name to the entire mountain. This mountain is 
also intimately associated with poetry, as the scene of Kodman Drake's 
" Culprit Fay":— 

*' 'Tis the middle watch of a summer night, 
The earth is dark, but the heaveus are bright, 
The moon looks down on Old Cro' 2^est- — 
She mellows the shade on his shaggy breast. 
And seems his huge grey form to throw 
In a silver cone on the wave below.'' 

Storm King, to the north of Cro' Nest, is the highest peak of the 
Highlands, being 1800 feet above tide water. Its first name was 
Klinkersberg, afterward called Butter Hill, and christened by Willis 
Storm King. This mountain forms the northern portal of the High- 
lands, on the west side. Breakneck is opiDosite, on the east side, where 
St. Anthony's Face was blasted away. In this mountain solitude there 
was a shade of reason in giving that solemn countenance of stone the 
name of St. Anthony, as a good representation of monastic life; and, 
by a quiet sarcasm, the fuU-length nose below was probably thus sug- 
gested. 

The Highlands now trend off to the northeast, and we see the New 
Beacon, or Grand Sachem Mountain, 1685 feet high, and about half a 
mile to the north, the Old Beacon, 1471 feet in height. These moun- 
tains were used for signal stations during the Revolution. They 
were called by the Indians the Matteawan, and the whole range of 
Highlands were sometimes referred to as the AVequehachke, or the Hill 
Country. It was also believed by the Indians that, in ancient days, 
''before the Hudson poured its waters from the lakes, the Highlands 
formed one vast prison, within whose rocky bosom the omnipotent 
Manito confined the rebellious spirits who repined at his control. 
Here, bound in adamantine chains, or jammed in rifted pines, or 
crushed by ponderous rocks, they groaned for many an age. At length 
the conquering Hudson, in its career toward the ocean, burst open their 
prison-house, rolling its tide triumphantly through the stupendous 
ruins." An idea quite in accordance with modern science. 



The steamer is now passing close to the base of old Storm King, 
and we get a fine view of tliis mountain rock, with sides all scarred 
and torn by storms and lightning. Almost before us, to the right, 
we see 

Polupel's Island, supposed by the Indians to be a supernatural 




UPPER ENTEANCE TO THE HIGHIiANDS, FROM CORNWAliL LANDING. 

(From Lossing's " Hudsou, from the Wilderuess to the Sea.'") 

spot. The island, however, has a little romance connected with it, 
which is decidedly supermitural. Some fair Katrina of the neighbor- 
hood, a great many years ago, was beJoved by a fanner's lad. She re- 
ciprocates, but, by coquettish art, was playing the (sad havoc) with 

a young minister's affections. One winter evening, minister and Ka- 



trina were cliiving on the ice, near this island. The farmer's son very 
naturally was also driving in the ^ame vicinity. The ice Iroke, and 
minister and young lady ^^ere rescued by the bold youth. The minister 
discovers that Katrina and young Hendrich both love each other; and 
there, under the moonlight, on that sux3ernatui-al island, with solemn 
ceremony, unites them in bonds of holy matrimony. It ought hence- 
forth and forever to be called the "Lovers' Island. " This jjleasing story 
presents a strong contrast to the sad fate of a wedding-party at the 
Danskammer Bock, to which we shortly refer. We are now nearing 
the pleas -in t village of 

Cornwall, and we take pleasure in giving an outline of our pleasant 
visit "in the leafy month of June," 1876. Our destination Avas the 
" Cornwall Mountain House," and we arrived just as the shadows com- 
menced to deej)en in the valley. The location of this Chcrming Eesort 
as a place combining health and pleasure is pronounced the finest in the 
world. It Was selected by Dr. Chami)Un with special reference to cli- 
mate and temperature. Theory and fact alike unite in asserting the 
bealth of this pleasant resort. The village lies in a lovely valley which 
Mr. Beach has styled in his able description "as an offshoot of the 
Bamapo, up which the storm winds of the ocean drive laden with the 
l^urest and freshest of air. Sweeping through the Moodna they come 
to us in all their delicious sweetness, driving before them and beyond 
our limits all impurities and poisonous exhalations. Now if we ascend 
the hillsides we gain the additional advantage of height above the sea 
level, and obtain an air chemical W pure." 

Cornwall Heights and the New Mountain Eoad. The traveler 
who sees " Storm King " only from the Biver has little idea of its extent- 
He is struck with its boldness and scarred river front, and feels that old 
Hendrich Hudson gave it the best name when he styled it " Klinkers- 
berg:" — but when we behold its entire extent as it sweeps away to the 
west, With mountain rising beyond mountain, we at once ackno^wledge 
i::s supremacy, and hail it "King of the Highlands." The new Boad 
from Cornwall to West Point, now almost completed, will soon open up 
all the loveliness and grandeur of this section. There is no finer road 
in all our country, none better engineered, none that conquers a grade 



more easily, none that presents a finer outlook, and no mountain roud 
so free and opeu to the public. It is as thoroughly constructed as the 
Road up the TVhite Mouutains, but there is no toll. It is the free gift 
of a few enterprising citizens who like to see things "move." The 
Heights of Cornwall rise in a succession of Plateaus, giving a succession 
of varied climates, and we notice a massing or clustering of vegetable 
growth, floral or otherwise, and groves of pines, cedars, and birches. 
Our road now passes over Deer Hill and winds through the valie;y of 
Mount Lancaster and Black Rjck to the upper Plateau of Cro Nest. Ou 
the Grand Look Out wlieue we stop to take in a view of the vaUey, we 
see a cluster of cedars of peculiar growth, which our friend (the Doctor) 
tells us slope away until three miles from the river, they pass from the 
Cypress or Cone form to the apple tree form. From this "grand out- 
look " we get a good idea of the topography of the mountain regioji, 
and the valley of Cornwall, not only the Landing bat also the Cormvall 
of the laterior, a running village of pleasant residences and villas, about 
two miles in length. As we pass on toward the grand plateau of Cro 
Nest we see the ohl Revolutionary Road, and near at hand the home of 
"Uncle Ben," (Benjamin Lancaster) the old guide of this mountain 
dis trice. 

Cro Nest PiiATEAU is about one thousand feet above the Parade 
Ground of West Point, and overlooks it as a rocky balcony. These 
mountains with their wonderful lake system are in fact the "Central 
Park " of the Hudson. Withixi a radius of ten miles are clustered over 
forty lakes, and we very much doubt if one person in a thousand ever 
heard of them. It would pay the New York Herald to discover another 
Stanley and find a few "Nyanzas " nearer home. We understand there 
is no map giving the x>hysical geography of this section to be found even 
in the West Point Library. '\;\ e would suggest to the professors «f West 
Point the words of Hamlet, "Reform it altogether." 

For coaching, for horseback rides, for pedestrian and scientific tours, 
this section is unrivaled, and this road, seven miles in length, presents 
more interest and health than any at least within a radius of sixty miles 
from New York, and if we were asked how best to enjoy a day in the 
Highlands, our experience would dictate a sail on the river Day Boats 



to West Point, or Cornwall, and then pa?3 over tliis road from one side 
of Storm King to the other. Messrs. Denton, of West Point, will fur- 
nish carriage to the foot of the mountnin and telegraph to Dr. Champlin, 
of Cornwall Mountain House, t > meet the party with a carriage on Cro' 
Nest Plateau, or tice versa. This only leaves a walk of half a mile. 
When the road is completed there will be through conveyance, and Dr. 
Champlin expects to run the famous Coacli once owned by Boss Tweed. 
The Cornwall Mountain Eouse lieo in a Horse Shoe or crescent of 
hills, opening to the north west, some four or five hundred feet above 
the river, of which it commands a fine view. It is thoroughly protect- 
ed against the marine fitmosphere, and shielded from the south east- 
erly winds by old Beacon Hill and the Fishkill Mountains. The entire 
slope is rich in balsamic growth ; the very air seems laden with medical 
properties, and fruits of pU kinds pre said to excel a- y in the State. 

Idleweld, where Willis spent the last years of his life, is only a short 
distance from the villiage ; a drive from the main entrance, along the 
very edge of a beautiful ravine, leads to the dwelling, now owned by 
Mr. Conrtenay. 

The GoEHiiiA OF THE Highlands. It was our privilege to discover 
this Darvinian specimen, the connecting link between Cro' Nest and 
Storm King. To speak specifical y, the head is formed by the sloping 
outlines of the hills just south of kitorm King. It looks best by moon- 
light, when the nose, forehead, and chin are very distinct. If you 
don't see it, perhaps it has gone to the "Exposition." 

Peof. Moese's Novel (never written). While preparing " The Hud- 
son Highlands," a gentleman of acknowledged veracity informed us 
that Prof. Morse once meditated a novel, the scene of which was to 
have been the plateau at the southern portal of the Highlands ; here 
he was to locate a temple of Aztec civilization, "in his minds eye," 
and give a fanciful description of their mode of life, religious rites, 
etc., but a little incident in his life — the idea of a telegraph — turned 
his attention to s'>mething more i^ractical. The world can get on with- 
out the novel, but it would be somewhat "mixed" to-day without the 
telegrajDh. We would modestly sugoest a fitting monument to his 
memory on the spot where he intended to locate the " Temple." 



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Vv^est Point Books, 

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HISTORY OF WEST POINT, and its Military Importance during the 
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GUIDE TO WEST POINT AND THE U. S. MILITARY ACADEMY. 
With Maps and Engravings. 18mo. Flexible Cloth, $1.00 

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The Hudson River by Daylight, 

FROM 

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Leave Vestry St., Pier 39, 8.10 A.M. and 24tli St., 8.30 A.M. Leave Albany, 8.30 A.M. 

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